Home  ›  Is There a Religion That Prohibits Eating Beef

Is There a Religion That Prohibits Eating Beef

Written By Saturday, June 4, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Religious practices involving not eating meat

The practice of vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religious traditions worldwide. These include religions that originated in Republic of india, such as Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. With close to 85% of India's billion-plus population practicing these religions, India remains the state with the highest number of vegetarians in the world[ commendation needed ].

In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism, Mahayana Buddhism and certain Dharmic organized religion such as Sikhism, it is promoted by scriptures and religious government but not mandatory.[1] [ii] In the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith,[3] [4] vegetarianism is less commonly viewed as a religious obligation, although in all these faiths there are groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds, and many other faiths concur vegetarian and vegan thought among their tenets.[5] [6]

Religions originating in the Indian subcontinent [edit]

Vegetarianism in ancient India
All south from this is named the Middle Kingdom. ... Throughout the whole country the people practice non kill any living creature, nor drink intoxicating liquor, nor eat onions or garlic. The only exception is that of the Chandalas. That is the name for those who are (held to be) wicked men, and live apart from others. ... In that land they do not go along pigs and fowls, and do not sell live cattle; in the markets there are no butchers' shops and no dealers in intoxicating drink. In buying and selling commodities they use cowries. Only the Chandalas are fishermen and hunters, and sell flesh meat.

— Faxian, Chinese pilgrim to India (quaternary/5th century CE), A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms (translated by James Legge)[7] [8]

Jainism institutes an outright ban on meat. Majority of Indians swallow meat and only about thirty% of India's one.2 billion population practices lacto vegetarianism.[9]

Jainism [edit]

The nutrient choices of Jains are based on the value of ahimsa (non-violence), and this makes the Jains to prefer food that inflict the least amount of violence

Vegetarianism in Jainism is based on the principle of nonviolence (ahimsa, literally "non-injuring"). Vegetarianism is considered mandatory for anybody. Jains are either lacto-vegetarians or vegans.[10] No employ or consumption of products obtained from dead animals is immune. Moreover, Jains try to avert unnecessary injury to plants and suksma jiva (Sanskrit for 'subtle life forms'; minuscule organisms). The goal is to crusade as little violence to living things equally possible, hence they avert eating roots, tubers such equally potatoes, garlic and anything that involves uprooting (and thus eventually killing) a plant to obtain food.

Every act by which a person directly or indirectly supports killing or injury is seen as violence (hinsa), which creates harmful karma. The aim of ahimsa is to forbid the accumulation of such karma.[11] Jains consider nonviolence to be the near essential religious duty for everyone (ahinsā paramo dharmaḥ, a statement often inscribed on Jain temples). Their scrupulous and thorough fashion of applying nonviolence to everyday activities, and especially to food, shapes their entire lives and is the nearly significant hallmark of Jain identity. A side effect of this strict discipline is the exercise of asceticism,[12] which is strongly encouraged in Jainism for lay people as well as for monks and nuns.

Jains do not practice creature sacrifice every bit they consider all sentient beings to be equal.

Hinduism [edit]

Hinduism has a wide variety of practices and beliefs that have changed over time.[thirteen] Only some sects of Hindus observe vegetarianism,[14] an estimated 33% of all Hindus are vegetarians.[xv] [xvi]

Nonviolence [edit]

The principle of nonviolence (ahimsa) applied to animals is connected with the intention to avert negative karmic influences which issue from violence. The suffering of all beings is believed to ascend from peckish and desire, conditioned by the karmic effects of both animal and human action. The violence of slaughtering animals for food, and its source in craving, reveal mankind eating equally one mode in which humans enslave themselves to suffering.[17] Hinduism holds that such influences bear upon the person who permits the slaughter of an animal, the person who kills information technology, the person who cuts it up, the person who buys or sells meat, the person who cooks it, the person who serves it upwardly, and the person who eats information technology. They must all be considered the slayers of the animal.[17] The question of religious duties towards the animals and of negative karma incurred from violence (himsa) confronting them is discussed in detail in Hindu scriptures and religious police force books.

Hindu scriptures belong or refer to the Vedic menstruum which lasted till almost 500 BCE according to the chronological division by mod historians. In the historical Vedic religion, the predecessor of Hinduism, meat eating was not banned in principle, but was restricted past specific rules. Several highly administrative scriptures bar violence confronting domestic animals except in the instance of ritual sacrifice. This view is clearly expressed in the Mahabharata (iii.199.xi–12;[18] 13.115; thirteen.116.26; 13.148.17), the Bhagavata Purana (11.5.13–fourteen), and the Chandogya Upanishad (8.15.1). For example, many Hindus point to the Mahabharata'southward maxim that "Nonviolence is the highest duty and the highest teaching,"[19] equally advocating a vegetarian nutrition. The Mahabharata also states that adharma (sin) was born when creatures started to devour one another from want of food and that adharma always destroys every creature "[20] It is also reflected in the Manu Smriti (v.27–44), a traditional Hindu law book (Dharmaśāstra). These texts strongly condemn the slaughter of animals and meat eating.

The Mahabharata (12.260;[21] 13.115–116; 14.28) and the Manu Smriti (five.27–55) contain lengthy discussions about the legitimacy of ritual slaughter and subsequent consumption of the meat. In the Mahabharata both meat eaters and vegetarians nowadays diverse arguments to substantiate their viewpoints. Apart from the debates about domestic animals, in that location is also a long discourse by a hunter in defense of hunting and meat eating.[22] These texts show that both ritual slaughter and hunting were challenged by advocates of universal non-violence and their acceptability was hundred-to-one and a affair of dispute.[23]

Lingayats are strict vegetarians. Devout Lingayats do not swallow beef, or meat of any kind including fish.[24]

Modernistic twenty-four hour period [edit]

In modernistic Bharat, the food habits of Hindus vary according to their community or degree and co-ordinate to regional traditions. Hindu vegetarians unremarkably eschew eggs but consume milk and dairy products, so they are lacto-vegetarians.

According to a survey of 2006, vegetarianism is weak in coastal states and potent in landlocked northern and western states and among Brahmins in general, 85% of whom are lacto-vegetarians.[25] In 2018, a written report from Economic and Political Weekly showed that as few equally 1 third of upper-caste Indians could be vegetarian.[26]

Many coastal inhabitants are fish eaters. In particular, Bengali Hindus accept romanticized fishermen and the consumption of fish through poesy, literature, and music.

Hindus who consume meat are encouraged to eat Jhatka meat.[27] [28]

Animal sacrifice in Hinduism [edit]

Animal sacrifice in Hinduism[29] (sometimes known as Jhatka Bali) is the ritual killing of an brute in Hinduism.

The ritual cede normally forms part of a festival to honour a Hindu god. For example, in Nepal the Hindu goddess Gadhimai,[xxx] is honoured every v years with the slaughter of 250,000 animals. This do was banned from 2015.[31] Bali sacrifice today is common at the Sakta shrines of the Goddess Kali. However, animal sacrifice is illegal in India.[32]

Buddhism [edit]

Buddhist influenced Korean vegetarian side dishes.

The Outset Precept prohibits Buddhists from killing people or animals.[33] The matter of whether this forbids Buddhists from eating meat has long been a matter of debate, however, as vegetarianism is not a given in all schools of Buddhism.

The first Buddhist monks and nuns were forbidden from growing, storing, or cooking their own food. They relied entirely on the generosity of alms to feed themselves, and were non allowed to accept money to buy their own food.[34] [35] They could non make special dietary requests, and had to accept whatever nutrient alms givers had available, including meat.[34] Monks and nuns of the Theravada school of Buddhism, which predominates in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia, Burma, and Laos, nonetheless follow these strictures today.

These strictures were relaxed in Cathay, Korea, Japan, and other countries that follow Mahayana Buddhism, where monasteries were in remote mountain areas and the distance to the nearest towns made daily alms rounds impractical. There, Buddhist monks and nuns could cultivate their own crops, shop their own harvests, cook their own meals, and accept money to buy foodstuffs in the market place.

According to the Vinaya Pitaka, when Devadatta urged the Buddha to brand complete abstinence from meat compulsory, the Buddha refused, maintaining that "monks would take to accept whatsoever they found in their begging bowls, including meat, provided that they had non seen, had non heard, and had no reason to suspect that the animal had been killed so that the meat could be given to them".[36] There were prohibitions on specific kinds of meat: meat from humans, meat from majestic animals such as elephants or horses, meat from dogs, and meat from dangerous animals like snakes, lions, tigers, panthers, bears and hyenas.[34]

On the other mitt, certain Mahayana sutras strongly denounce the eating of meat. According to the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra, the Buddha revoked this permission to eat meat and warned of a Dark Historic period when false monks would merits that they were allowed meat.[35] In the Lankavatara Sutra, a disciple of the Buddha named Mahamati asks "[Y]ou teach a doctrine that is flavoured with compassion. It is the teaching of the perfect Buddhas. And still we eat meat nonetheless; nosotros have not put an end to it."[37] An unabridged chapter is devoted to the Buddha'south response, wherein he lists a litany of spiritual, concrete, mental, and emotional reasons why meat eating should exist abjured.[38] However, co-ordinate to Suzuki (2004:211) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFSuzuki2004 (assist), this chapter on meat eating is a "later improver to the text....Information technology is quite likely that meat-eating was practiced more or less among the earlier Buddhists, which was made a subject of severe criticism by their opponents. The Buddhists at the fourth dimension of the Laṅkāvatāra did not like it, hence this improver in which an apologetic tone is noticeable."[39] Phelps (2004:64–65) points to a passage in the Surangama Sutra which implies advocacy of "not just a vegetarian, but a vegan lifestyle"; however, numerous scholars over the centuries accept ended that the Śūraṅgama Sūtra is a forgery.[40] [41] Moreover, in the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra, the same sutra which records his retraction of permission to swallow meat, the Buddha explicitly identifies as "beautiful foods" honey, milk, and foam, all of which are eschewed by vegans.[35] Nonetheless, in several other Mahayana scriptures, besides (e.g., the Mahayana jatakas), the Buddha is seen clearly to indicate that meat-eating is undesirable and karmically unwholesome.

Some propose that the rising of monasteries in Mahayana tradition to be a contributing gene in the accent on vegetarianism. In the monastery, food was prepared specifically for monks. In this context, large quantities of meat would have been specifically prepared (killed) for monks. Henceforth, when monks from the Indian geographical sphere of influence migrated to China from the yr 65 CE on, they met followers who provided them with money instead of food. From those days onwards Chinese monastics, and others who came to inhabit northern countries, cultivated their ain vegetable plots and bought food in the marketplace.[7][eight] This remains the dominant practice in Cathay, Vietnam, and role of Korean Mahayanan temples.

Mahayana lay Buddhists often swallow vegetarian diets on the vegetarian dates (齋期). There are unlike organisation of the dates, from several days to three months in each yr, in some traditions, the commemoration of the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara'due south birthday, enlightenment and leaving abode days hold the highest importance to exist vegetarian.

In Red china, Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, and their respective diaspora communities, monks and nuns are expected to abstain from meat and, traditionally, eggs and dairy, in addition to the fetid vegetables – traditionally garlic, Allium chinense, asafoetida, shallot, and Allium victorialis (victory onion or mountain leek), although in modernistic times this dominion is often interpreted to include other vegetables of the onion genus, as well every bit coriander – this is called pure vegetarianism or veganism (純素, chúnsù). Pure vegetarianism or veganism is Indic in origin and is withal practiced in Bharat past some adherents of Dharmic religions such as Jainism and in the example of Hinduism, lacto-vegetarianism with the additional abstention of pungent or fetid vegetables.

In the mod Buddhist world, attitudes toward vegetarianism vary by location. In People's republic of china and Vietnam, monks typically consume no meat, with other restrictions too. In Japan or Korea, some schools practice not eat meat, while most do. Theravadins in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia do not do vegetarianism. All Buddhists, including monks, are allowed to exercise vegetarianism if they wish to do then. Phelps (2004:147) states that "At that place are no accurate statistics, but I would guess—and it is merely a guess—that worldwide about half of all Buddhists are vegetarian".

Sikhism [edit]

At the Sikh langar, all people eat a vegetarian meal equally equals.

Some followers of Sikhism do non take a preference for meat or vegetarian consumption.[42] [43] [44] [45] Withal the indian country of Punjab, homeplace for near Sikhs, has the third highest percent of vegetarians out of all 29 indian states. There are two views on initiated or "Amritdhari Sikhs" and meat consumption. "Amritdhari" Sikhs (i.e., those who follow the Sikh Rehat Maryada, the Official Sikh Code of Conduct[46]) can eat meat (provided information technology is not Kutha meat). "Amritdharis" who belong to some Sikh sects (e.g., Akhand Kirtani Jatha, Damdami Taksal, Namdhari,[47] Rarionwalay,[48] etc.) are vehemently against the consumption of meat and eggs.[49]

In the case of meat, the Sikh gurus have indicated their preference for a elementary nutrition,[50] which could include meat or non. Passages from the Guru Granth Sahib (the holy book of Sikhs, also known as the Adi Granth) say that fools argue over this effect. Guru Nanak said that overconsumption of food (Lobh, 'greed') involves a drain on the Earth's resources and thus on life.[51] The 10th guru, Guru Gobind Singh, prohibited the Sikhs from the consumption of halal or Kutha (any ritually slaughtered meat) meat because of the Sikh belief that sacrificing an fauna in the name of God is mere ritualism (something to be avoided).[42]

Guru Nanak states that all living beings are connected. Even meat comes from the consumption of vegetables, and all forms of life are based on water.[52]

O Pandit, you practise not know where did flesh originate! It is water where life originated and it is water that sustains all life. Information technology is water that produces grains, sugarcane, cotton and all forms of life.

Sikhs who consume meat eat Jhatka meat.

Abrahamic religions [edit]

Judaic, Christian, and Muslim traditions (Abrahamic religions) all have potent connections to the Biblical ideal of the Garden of Eden,[53] which includes references to a herbivore nutrition.[Genesis 1:29–31, Isaiah 11:6–9] While vegetarianism has not traditionally been viewed every bit mainstream in these traditions, some Jews, Christians, and Muslims practice and advocate vegetarianism.

Judaism [edit]

Though Jewish vegetarianism is not often viewed as mainstream, a number of Jews have argued for Jewish vegetarianism. Medieval rabbis such as Joseph Albo and Isaac Arama regarded vegetarianism as a moral platonic,[54] and a number of modern Jewish groups and Jewish religious and cultural authorities have promoted vegetarianism. Groups advocating for Jewish vegetarianism include Jewish Veg, a contemporary grassroots organization promoting veganism as "God'southward ideal diet",[55] and the Shamayim Five'Aretz Found, which promotes a vegan diet in the Jewish community through creature welfare activism, kosher veganism, and Jewish spirituality.[56] One source of advocacy for Jewish vegetarianism in Israel is Amirim, a vegetarian moshav (village).[57]

Jewish Veg has named 75 contemporary rabbis who encourage veganism for all Jews, including Jonathan Wittenberg, Daniel Sperber, David Wolpe, Nathan Lopes Cardozo, Kerry Olitzky, Shmuly Yanklowitz, Aryeh Cohen, Geoffrey Claussen, Rami M. Shapiro, David Rosen, Raysh Weiss, Elyse Goldstein, Shefa Aureate, and Yonassan Gershom.[58] [59] Other rabbis who have promoted vegetarianism have included David Cohen, Shlomo Goren, Irving Greenberg, Asa Keisar, Jonathan Sacks, She'ar Yashuv Cohen, and Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog. Other notable advocates of Jewish vegetarianism include Franz Kafka, Roberta Kalechofsky, Richard H. Schwartz, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Jonathan Safran Foer, and Aaron S. Gross.

Jewish vegetarians often cite Jewish principles regarding beast welfare, environmental ethics, moral character, and health every bit reasons for adopting a vegetarian or vegan diet.[lx] Some Jews point to legal principles including Bal tashkhit (the law which prohibits waste) and Tza'ar ba'alei hayyim (the injunction not to cause 'pain to living creatures').[61] Many Jewish vegetarians are particularly concerned well-nigh cruel practices in factory farms and loftier-speed, mechanized slaughterhouses.[60] Jonathan Safran Foer has raised these concerns in the short documentary picture show If This Is Kosher..., responding to what he considers abuses inside the kosher meat industry.[62]

Some Jewish vegetarians accept pointed out that Adam and Eve were not allowed to eat meat. Genesis ane:29 states "And God said: Behold, I take given yous every herb yielding seed which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree that has seed-yielding fruit—to you it shall be for nutrient," indicating that God's original plan was for mankind to be vegan.[63]· Co-ordinate to some opinions, the whole globe will over again be vegetarian in the Messianic era, and not eating meat brings the world closer to that platonic.[63] As the ideal images of the Torah are vegetarian, ane may see the laws of kashrut as really designed to wean Jews away from meat eating and to move them toward the vegetarian ideal.[61]

Christianity [edit]

Within Eastern Christianity, vegetarianism is practiced as part of fasting during the Cracking Lent (although shellfish and other non-vertebrate products are by and large considered acceptable during some periods of this time); vegan fasting is particularly common in Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodox Churches, such as the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, which generally fasts 210 days out of the year. This tradition profoundly influenced the cuisine of Federal democratic republic of ethiopia.

Some Christian groups, such equally Seventh-twenty-four hour period Adventists, the Christian Vegetarian Clan and Christian anarchists, accept a literal interpretation of the Biblical prophecies of universal vegetarianism (or veganism)[Genesis one:29–1:31, Isaiah 11:6–xi:ix, Isaiah 65:25] and encourage these practices every bit preferred lifestyles or every bit a tool to turn down the article condition of animals and the apply of animate being products for any purpose, although some of them say information technology is non required. Other groups point instead to allegedly explicit prophecies of temple sacrifices in the Messianic Kingdom, east.g. Ezekiel 46:12, where so-called peace offerings and then-called freewill offerings are said that volition be offered, and Leviticus seven:15–xx where information technology states that such offerings are eaten, what may contradict the very purpose of Jesus' purportedly sufficient atonement.

Several Christian monastic groups, including the Desert Fathers, Trappists, Benedictines, Cistercians and Carthusians, all of the Orthodox monks and likewise Christian esoteric groups, such as the Rosicrucian Fellowship, have encouraged pescatarianism.[64] [65]

The Bible Christian Church building, a Christian vegetarian sect founded by Reverend William Cowherd in 1809, were one of the philosophical forerunners of the Vegetarian Gild.[66] [67] Cowherd encouraged members to abjure from eating of meat every bit a form of temperance.[68]

Some Christian vegetarians, such as Keith Akers, argue that Jesus himself was a vegetarian.[69] Akers argues that Jesus was influenced by the Essenes, an ascetic Jewish sect. The present academic consensus is that Jesus was not an Essene.[lxx] There is no historical record of Jesus' precise attitudes to animals, simply there is a strand in his ethical didactics about the primacy of mercy to the weak, the powerless and the oppressed, which Walters and Portmess contend can also refer to captive animals.[17]

Other, more than contempo Christians movements, such as Sarx and CreatureKind, do not maintain that Jesus himself was a vegetarian, only instead contend that many practices which occur in the gimmicky industrialized farming arrangement, such every bit the mass alternative of day-one-time male person-chicks in the egg industry, are incompatible with the life of peace and honey to which Jesus called his followers.

Islam [edit]

Islam explicitly prohibits eating of some kinds of meat, especially pork. Withal, 1 of the most important Islamic celebrations, Eid al-Adha, involves animal sacrifices (Udhiya). Muslims who can beget to practice so sacrifice domestic animals (usually sheep, only also camels, cows, and goats). According to the Quran,[71] a large portion of the meat has to be given towards the poor and hungry, and every effort is to exist made to come across that no impoverished Muslim is left without sacrificial food during the days of feasts like Eid-ul-Adha.[72] On the other mitt, Udhiya is merely a sunnah and is non obligatory: even caliphs have used non-animate being means of cede for Eid.[73]

Certain Islamic orders are mainly vegetarian; many Sufis maintain a vegetarian diet.[74] Some Muslims in Indonesia call back that being a vegetarian for reasons other than health is un-Islamic and information technology is a form of emulation of the infidels (tashabbuh bil kuffar).[75] On the other hand, the Rishi order in Kashmir were historically described as abstaining from meat consumption.[76]

The prophet Muhammad, withal, was strongly against the frequent consumption of meat and, for his role, was said to subsist mainly on a nutrition of dates and barley.[77] [78]

Sri Lankan Sufi chief Bawa Muhaiyaddeen, who established The Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship of North America in Philadelphia. The former Indian president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was also famously a vegetarian.[79] [80]

In January 1996, The International Vegetarian Union announced the formation of the Muslim Vegetarian/Vegan Society.[81] At that place is as well a Vegan Muslim Initiative, founded 2017. They encourage Muslims to effort a vegan nutrition during Ramadan, making it a "Veganadan".[82]

Proponents of vegetarianism in Islam accept pointed to the teachings in the Quran and the Hadith which instruct kindness and compassion towards animals as well as fugitive excess:

"Transgress not in the residue, and weigh with justice, and skimp not in the balance...earth, He prepare it downwards for all beings"

– Surrah Ar-Rahman 55:8–x[83]

"Whoever is kind to the creatures of God is kind to himself."
– Hadith: Bukhari[83] [84]

"A skillful deed done to an creature is every bit meritorious as a good deed done to a human being, while an human action of cruelty to an beast is as bad as an act of cruelty to a homo."
– Hadith: Mishkat al-Masabih; Volume 6; Affiliate vii, 8:178[83]

"O sons of wisdom, do not turn your stomachs into graveyards for animals."
– Hadith: Fayd al-Qadīr Sharh al-Jami' as-Saghīr ii/52[82]

"Beware of meat, for meat can be as addictive as vino"
– Hadith: al-Muwaṭṭa' 1742[82]

Rastafari [edit]

Rastafari by and large follow a diet called "I-tal", which eschews the eating of nutrient that has been artificially preserved, flavoured, or chemically altered in whatsoever fashion. Some Rastafari consider it to also prevent the eating of meat but the majority will not eat pork at the very least, because it unclean.

Baháʼí Faith [edit]

While there are no dietary restrictions in the Baháʼí Faith, 'Abdu'50-Bahá, the son of the founder of the organized religion, noted that a vegetarian diet consisting of fruits and grains was desirable, except for people with a weak constitution or those that are ill.[85] He stated that there are no requirements that Baháʼís get vegetarian, only that a future society would gradually go vegetarian.[85] [86] [87] 'Abdu'l-Bahá also stated that killing animals was somewhat contrary to compassion.[85] While Shoghi Effendi, the head of the Baháʼí Organized religion in the first half of the 20th century, stated that a purely vegetarian diet would be preferable since it avoided killing animals,[88] both he and the Universal Business firm of Justice (the governing body of the Baháʼís) have stated that these teachings practice not constitute a Baháʼí practice and that Baháʼís tin cull to swallow whatever they wish, but to be respectful of others' beliefs.[85]

Other religions [edit]

Manichaeism [edit]

Manichaeism was a religion established by the Iranian named Mani during the Sassanian Empire. The organized religion prohibited slaughtering or eating animals.[89]

Zoroastrianism [edit]

Mazdakism, a sect of Zoroastrianism, explicitly promoted vegetarianism.[90]

One of the principal precepts in Zoroastrianism is respect and kindness towards all living things and condemnation of cruelty confronting animals.[ citation needed ]

The Shahnameh states that the evil male monarch of Persia, Zohak, was first taught eating meat by the evil i who came to him in the guise of a cook. This was the start of an age of dandy evil for Persia. Prior to this, in the Golden historic period of mankind in the days of the great Aryan Kings, human being did not eat meat.

The Pahlavi scriptures state that in the final stages of the world, when the final Saviour Saoshyant arrives, human will become more spiritual and gradually requite up meat eating.

Vegetarianism is stated to be the future state of the world in Pahlavi scriptures – Atrupat-eastward Emetan in Iran in Denkard Book VI requested all Zoroastrians to be vegetarians:

"ku.san enez a-on ku urwar xwarishn bawed shmah mardoman ku derziwishn bawed, ud az tan i gospand pahrezed, ce amar was, east.yard. Ohrmaz i xwaday hay.yarih i gospand ray urwar was dad."

Meaning: They hold this too: Be plant eaters (urwar xwarishn) (i.e. vegetarian), O you, men, so that you lot may live long. Keep abroad from the body of cattle (tan i gospand), and deeply reckon that Ohrmazd, the Lord has created plants in great number for helping cattle (and men)."

Nation of Islam [edit]

The Nation of Islam promotes vegetarianism deeming it the "near healthful and virtuous manner to swallow".[91]

Taoism [edit]

In Chinese societies, "simple eating" (素食 Mandarin: sù shí) refers to a particular restricted diet associated with Taoist monks, and sometimes skillful by members of the general population during Taoist festivals and fasting days. It is like to Chinese Buddhist vegetarianism. Varying levels of abstinence among Taoists and Taoist-influenced people include veganism, veganism without root vegetables, lacto-ovo vegetarianism, and pescetarianism. Taoist vegetarians as well tend to abstain from alcohol and pungent vegetables such as garlic and onions during lenten days. Not-vegetarian Taoists sometimes abstain from beef and h2o buffalo meat for many cultural reasons.

Vegetarianism in the Taoist tradition is similar to that of Lent in the Christian tradition. While highly religious people such as monks may be vegetarian, vegan or pescetarian on a permanent basis, lay practitioners often swallow vegetarian on the 1st (new moon), 8th, 14th, 18th, 23rd, 24th, 28th, 29th and 30th days of the lunar calendar. In accordance with their Buddhist peers, and considering many people are both Taoist and Buddhist, they often also eat lenten on the 15th twenty-four hour period (full moon). Taoist vegetarianism is like to Chinese Buddhist vegetarianism, however, its roots reach to pre-Buddhist times. Believers historically abstained from fauna products and alcohol before practicing Confucian, Taoist and Chinese folk religion rites.[ citation needed ]

It is referred to by the English word "vegetarian"; nonetheless, though it rejects meat, eggs, and milk, this diet may include oysters and oyster products or otherwise be pescetarian for some believers. Many lay Taoists who follow modern sects such as that of Yi Guan Dao or Main Ching Hai are vegan or strictly vegetarian.[ citation needed ]

Faithist/Oahspe [edit]

Oahspe (Meaning Sky, Earth and Spirit) is the doctrinal volume of those who follow Faithism. The precepts for behavior can exist establish throughout the book which include" a herbivorous diet (vegan, vegetable food only), peaceful living (no warring or violence; pacifism), living a life of virtue, service to others, angelic help, spiritual communion, and communal living when information technology is feasible to do and then. Freedom and responsibility are two themes reiterated throughout the text of Oahspe.

Neopaganism [edit]

At that place is no ready education on vegetarianism within the diverse neopagan communities, even so many do follow a vegetarian diet often continued to ecological concerns as well every bit the welfare and rights of animals. Vegetarian practitioners of Wicca will often see their standpoint as a natural extension of the Wiccan Rede. Organizations similar SERV refer to the historic figures of Porphyry, Pythagoras and Iamblichus every bit sources for the Heathen view of vegetarianism.[92] During the 1970s the publication Earth Religion News, focused on articles related to neopaganism and vegetarianism, it was edited by the author Herman Slater.[93]

Meher Baba's teachings [edit]

The spiritual teacher Meher Baba recommended a vegetarian diet for his followers[94] because he held that it helps one to avoid certain impurities: "Killing an creature for sport, pleasure or food ways catching all its bad impressions, since the motive is selfish....Impressions are contagious. Eating meat is prohibited in many spiritual disciplines because therein the person catches the impressions of the animal, thus rendering himself more susceptible to lust and anger."[95]

Creativity movement [edit]

The Inventiveness religion promotes[96] [97] [98] [99] a course of fruitinarian raw nutrient diet in its "Healthy Living" health program named subsequently the third text of the religion written by Arnold DeVries and Ben Klassen, which encourages the consumption of only raw foods in their "natural state, basically fruits, vegetables, grains and nuts,"[100] getting plenty of physical practice every bit well as abstinence from alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, sugar, preservatives, insecticides, narcotics and other drugs whether prescription or non-prescription.[101] Healthy Living is considered mandatory to "fully practise" Creativity and a lawsuit is currently in place against the Bureau of Prisons to go it recognized as a religious dietary preference[102] for incarcerated adherents of the religious movement.

See as well [edit]

  • Creature sacrifice
  • Fauna chaplains
  • Environmental vegetarianism
  • Ethics of eating meat
  • Fasting
  • History of vegetarianism
  • Vegetarian cuisine
  • Vegetarian nutrition

References [edit]

  1. ^ Tähtinen, Unto (1976). Ahimsa: Non-Violence in Indian Tradition. London. pp. 107–111.
  2. ^ Walters, Kerry Due south.; Lisa Portmess (2001). Religious Vegetarianism From Hesiod to the Dalai Lama. Albany. pp. 37–91.
  3. ^ "What Practise You Know of the Akhand Kirtani Jatha?". Sikhism 101. UniversalFaith.internet. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
  4. ^ "Sikhism: A Universal Message". thirteen March 2009. Archived from the original on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 7 Jan 2009.
  5. ^ Walters, Kerry South.; Lisa Portmess (2001). Religious Vegetarianism From Hesiod to the Dalai Lama. Albany. pp. 123–167.
  6. ^ Iacobbo, Karen; Michael Iacobbo (2004). Vegetarian America. A History . Westport. pp. 3–14, 97–99, 232–233.
  7. ^ Faxian (1886). "On To Mathura Or Muttra. Condition And Customs Of Central India; Of The Monks, Viharas, And Monasteries.". A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms. Translated past Legge, James.
  8. ^ Bodhipaksa (2016). Vegetarianism. Windhorse. ISBN978-19093-xiv-740.
  9. ^ Nelson, Dean (20 Nov 2009). "India tells West to stop eating beef". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  10. ^ "Dietary code of do amongst Jains". International Vegetarian Union (IVU). Archived from the original on 9 Jan 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  11. ^ Laidlaw, James: Riches and Renunciation. Religion, economy, and club among the Jains, Oxford 1995, p. 26–30, 191–195.
  12. ^ Disclaimer: "The meaning of asceticism discourses is complex." The give-and-take, still, is oft used in a derogatory way against the veg(etari)an movement. Characterizing veganism as asceticism, pp. 141–142. In: Matthew Cole, Karen Morgan (2011). "Vegaphobia: derogatory discourses of veganism and the reproduction of speciesism in Uk national newspapers". The British Periodical of Folklore. 62 (1): 134–153. doi:ten.1111/j.1468-4446.2010.01348.ten. PMID 21361905. {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  13. ^ Klostermaier, Klaus K. (1994). A survey of Hinduism (Edition: 2 ed.). SUNY Printing. p. 165. ISBN978-0-7914-2109-3.
  14. ^ Antoine Dubois, Jean; Carrie Chapman Catt (2002). Hindu Manners, Community and Ceremonies: The Classic First Mitt Business relationship of Republic of india in the Early Nineteenth Century. Henry K. Beauchamp. Courier Dover Publications. p. 110. ISBN978-0-486-42115-v.
  15. ^ Schmidt, Arno; Fieldhouse, Paul (2007). The world religions cookbook. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 99. ISBN978-0-313-33504-iv.
  16. ^ Badlani, Dr. Hiro 1000. (23 September 2008). "48". HINDUISM PATH OF THE Aboriginal WISDOM. Global Authors Publishers. p. 260. ISBN978-0-595-70183-4 . Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  17. ^ a b c Walters, Kerry S. and Portmess, Lisa. Religious Vegetarianism: From Hesiod to the Dalai Lama. State University of New York Press. New York, 2001. pp. 41, 42, 61, 62, 187, 191. ISBN 0-7914-4972-vi.
  18. ^ Mahabharata 3.199 is 3.207 according to another count.
  19. ^ Mahabharata 13.116.37–41
  20. ^ Mahabharata department LXVI"
  21. ^ Mahabharata 12.260 Archived 10 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Mahabharata 12.260 s 12.268 according to some other count.
  22. ^ Mahabharata iii.199 Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Mahabharata 3.199 is 3.207 according to another count.
  23. ^ Alsdorf pp. 572–577 (for the Manu Smriti) and pp. 585–597 (for the Mahabharata).
  24. ^ Ishwaran 1983, p. 119–120. sfn mistake: no target: CITEREFIshwaran1983 (help)
  25. ^ Yadav, Y.; Kumar, Southward (14 August 2006). "The food habits of a nation". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 29 October 2006. Retrieved 17 Nov 2006.
  26. ^ Biswas, Soutik (4 April 2018). "The myth of the Indian vegetarian nation". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  27. ^ "The Hindu – Changes in the Indian carte du jour over the ages". Archived from the original on 26 Baronial 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2010. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  28. ^ Das, Veena (13 Feb 2003). The Oxford India companion to sociology and social anthropology, Book 1. Vol. 1. OUP India. p. 151. ISBN978-0-xix-564582-8.
  29. ^ O.P. Radhan (September 2002). Encyclopaedia of Political Parties. Vol. 33 to 50. Anmol, India. p. 854. ISBN978-81-7488-865-5.
  30. ^ Lang, Olivia (24 November 2009). "Hindu cede of 250,000 animals begins". The Guardian. Archived from the original on eight September 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
  31. ^ "Thousands of Animals Accept Been Saved in Nepal as Mass Slaughter is Cancelled". 29 July 2015.
  32. ^ Julius J. Lipner (23 July 1998). "ix". Hindus: Their Religious Behavior and Practices (Library of Religious Beliefs and Practices) (Paper ed.). Routledge. p. 185. ISBN978-0-415-05182-eight.
  33. ^ "Leading a Buddhist Life and the V Precepts". Archived from the original on vii September 2008. Retrieved 26 July 2008.
  34. ^ a b c "What the Buddha Said About Eating Meat". Archived from the original on xv August 2008. Retrieved 26 July 2008.
  35. ^ a b c "Nirvana Sutra: Appreciation of the "Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra"". Archived from the original on sixteen February 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  36. ^ Phelps 2004:76
  37. ^ "Lankavatara Sutra – The Faults of Eating Meat". Archived from the original on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 26 July 2008.
  38. ^ Phelps 2004:61–63
  39. ^ Suzuki, D. T. (1999). The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra: A Mahāyāna Text. Buddhist Tradition Series. Vol. 40. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN978-81-208-1655-8. This chapter on meat-eating is another afterwards addition to the text, which was probably done earlier than the Rāvaṇa affiliate. Information technology already appears in the Sung, but of the three Chinese versions it appears here in its shortest form, the proportion existence S = 1, T = 2, Due west = 3. It is quite likely that meat-eating was practised more than or less among the earlier Buddhists, which was made a bailiwick of astringent criticism by their opponents. The Buddhists at the time of the Laṅkāvatāra did not similar it, hence this addition in which an apologetic tone is noticeable.
  40. ^ Hurvitz, Leon (May 1967). "The Surangama Sutra". Journal of Asian Studies. 26 (3): 482–484. doi:10.2307/2051432. JSTOR 2051432. S2CID 164194704. {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  41. ^ Faure, Bernard (1991). The Rhetoric of Immediacy. A Cultural Critique of Chan/Zen Buddhism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  42. ^ a b "Misconceptions About Eating Meat – Comments of Sikh Scholars," Archived 28 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine at The Sikhism Domicile Page Archived 17 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  43. ^ Sikhs and Sikhism, by I.J. Singh, Manohar, Delhi ISBN 978-81-7304-058-0: Throughout Sikh history, there have been movements or subsects of Sikhism which have espoused vegetarianism. I think there is no ground for such dogma or do in Sikhism. Certainly Sikhs practice not think that a vegetarian'south achievements in spirituality are easier or college. It is surprising to see that vegetarianism is such an important facet of Hindu practice in light of the fact that fauna sacrifice was a significant and much valued Hindu Vedic ritual for ages. Guru Nanak in his writings clearly rejected both sides of the arguments—on the virtues of vegetarianism or meat eating—as bland and and so much nonsense, nor did he take the thought that a moo-cow was somehow more sacred than a horse or a chicken. He also refused to be fatigued into a contention on the differences betwixt flesh and greens, for example. History tells us that to impart this message, Nanak cooked meat at an important Hindu festival in Kurukshetra. Having cooked information technology he certainly did not waste information technology, but probably served it to his followers and ate himself. History is quite clear that Guru Hargobind and Guru Gobind Singh were achieved and avid hunters. The game was cooked and put to practiced employ, to throw it away would take been an atrocious waste.
  44. ^ Guru Granth Sahib, An Analytical Written report by Surindar Singh Kohli, Singh Bros. Amritsar ISBN 81-7205-060-7: The ideas of devotion and service in Vaishnavism have been accepted past Adi Granth, merely the insistence of Vaishnavas on vegetarian diet has been rejected.
  45. ^ A History of the Sikh People past Dr. Gopal Singh, World Sikh Academy Press, Delhi ISBN 978-81-7023-139-four: Notwithstanding, information technology is strange that now-a-days in the Customs-Kitchen attached to the Sikh temples, and called the Guru'southward Kitchen (or, Guru-ka-langar) meat-dishes are non served at all. May be, information technology is on account of its being, maybe, expensive, or not easy to keep for long. Or, maybe the Vaishnava tradition is too strong to be shaken off.
  46. ^ "Sikh Reht Maryada, The Definition of Sikh, Sikh Acquit & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India". sgpc.net. Archived from the original on xx August 2009. Retrieved 29 Baronial 2009.
  47. ^ Vegetarianism and Meat-Eating in 8 Religions Archived 26 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine April/May/June 2007 Hinduism Today
  48. ^ Philosophy of Sikhism by Gyani Sher Singh (PhD), Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Commission. Amritsar: As a true Vaisnavite Kabir remained a strict vegetarian. Kabir far from defying Brahmanical tradition as to the eating of meat, would non permit so much, as the plucking of a blossom (Yard.Grand.S. p. 479), whereas Nanak accounted all such scruples to be superstitions, Kabir held the doctrine of Ahinsa or the not-devastation of life, which extended even to that of flowers. The Sikh Gurus, on the contrary, immune and fifty-fifty encouraged, the use of animal mankind equally food. Nanak has exposed this Ahinsa superstition in Asa Ki War (Thou.Grand.Southward. p. 472) and Malar Ke State of war (Yard.G.S. p. 1288)
  49. ^ "Langar," Archived 2 May 2009 at the Wayback Motorcar at http://world wide web.sikhwomen.com Archived 27 Oct 2009 at the Wayback Automobile
  50. ^ Singh, Prithi Pal (2006). "3 Guru Amar Das". The History of Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Lotus Press. p. 38. ISBN978-81-8382-075-two.
  51. ^ "The Sikhism Dwelling Page". Sikhs.org. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
  52. ^ a b Clarke, Steve (2020). Religious Studies Route A: Religious, Philosophical and Upstanding studies and Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism and Sikhism. Hachette UK. p. 117. ISBN9781510479531.
  53. ^ Eric Baratay, l'anthropocentrisme du christianisme occidental, Si les lions pouvaient parler, essais sur la condition animale, sous la direction de Boris Cyrulnik, Gallimard, ISBN 2-07-073709-8
  54. ^ Rabbi J. David Bleich, https://spider web.archive.org/web/20120518014142/http://world wide web.innernet.org.il/article.php?aid=107, Reprinted with permission from "Contemporary Halakhic Problems, Volume Three", KTAV Publishers.
  55. ^ "What's Jewish About Beingness Veg". Archived from the original on vi March 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  56. ^ "The Shamayim V'Aretz Institute | מכון שמים וארץ". The Shamayim V'Aretz Institute | מכון שמים וארץ. Archived from the original on xxx Dec 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  57. ^ "Ohn-Bar Guesthouse in Amirim – About the village and hikes". Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  58. ^ "Rabbinic Statement". Archived from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved two March 2018.
  59. ^ "74 Rabbis Urge Jewish Customs to Become Vegan". VegNews.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  60. ^ a b Mary L. Zamore, ed. The Sacred Table: Creating a Jewish Food Ethic (New York, NY: CCAR Press, 2011).
  61. ^ a b Kalechofsky, Roberta. Rabbis and Vegetarianism: An Evolving Tradition. Micah Publications. Massachusetts, 1995. pp. 16, 54, 55, 65, 66, 68, 70, 71. ISBN 0-916288-42-0.
  62. ^ Foer, Jonathan Safran. "If This Is Kosher…". Archived from the original on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  63. ^ a b Schwartz, Richard H. Judaism and Vegetarianism. Lantern Books. New York, 2001. pp. 1, 12, xvi, 19, 188. ISBN 1-930051-24-seven.
  64. ^ Article The Wisdom of the Vegetarian Diet Archived one October 2009 at the Wayback Machine by The Rosicrucian Fellowship (Esoteric Christians)
  65. ^ Max Heindel (1910s), New Historic period Vegetarian Cookbook, The Rosicrucian Fellowship (publisher), 492 pages
  66. ^ "The Bible Christian Church". International Vegetarian Wedlock. Archived from the original on five May 2012.
  67. ^ "History of Vegetarianism – Early on Ideas". The Vegetarian Society. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2008. ; Gregory, James (2007) Of Victorians and Vegetarians. London: I. B. Tauris pp. 30–35.
  68. ^ "William Cowherd (cursory data)". Oxford Lexicon of National Biography. Retrieved 8 July 2008.
  69. ^ Keith Akers. "Was Jesus a vegetarian?". Archived from the original on 27 Oct 2010. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  70. ^ Young, Richard Alan. Is God a Vegetarian?. Carus Publishing Company. Chicago, 1999. pp. 4, 7, 56, 117. ISBN 0-8126-9393-0.
  71. ^ "Quran Surah Al-Hajj ( Verse 28 )". Archived from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  72. ^ "Quran Surah Al-Hajj ( Verse 36 )". Archived from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  73. ^ "If you are a vegetarian and an animal right activist are you lot yet required to follow the animal sacrifice ritual of Eid-al-Adha? If yous do not does that make yous a bad muslim in any fashion? Plus are there alternative methods of showing your gratitude to God?". Ask the scholar, Islamic question and answer website of shaikh Ahmad kutty.
  74. ^ Arzenjani, Mohd. Almamoon (1957). "Sufism". 15th World Vegetarian Congress 1957. International Vegetarian Union. Archived from the original on 22 Jan 2009.
  75. ^ "Vegetarian Dalam Timbangan Islam". muslimah.or.id (in Indonesian). 8 May 2008.
  76. ^ Qadri, Shafi (2002). Kashmiri Sufism. Srinagar: Gulshan Publishers. p. 75. ISBN81-86714-35-ix.
  77. ^ Sheikh, Rahil (15 January 2020). "Vegan and Muslim: Why I kept my constitute-based nutrition secret from my family". BBC. Retrieved xvi Feb 2021.
  78. ^ Mayton, Joseph (26 August 2010). "Eating less meat is more Islamic". The Guardian . Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  79. ^ "APJ Abdul Kalam's Death Anniversary: 10 Lesser Known Facts Most the 11th President of India". News18 . Retrieved 10 Dec 2019.
  80. ^ "lokpriya!". Lokpriya.com. Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  81. ^ "IVU News – Islam and Vegetarianism". Ivu.org. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
  82. ^ a b c "Y'all are what y'all Eid: Ramadan for vegans". the Guardian. xxx May 2019. (Hadith identification by "AK")
  83. ^ a b c Rahman, S. A. (2017). "Religion and Animal Welfare—An Islamic Perspective". Animals. NCBI. 7 (ii): eleven. doi:10.3390/ani7020011. PMC5332932. PMID 28218670.
  84. ^ "Is the Meat Industry an Offense to Islam?". Animals in Islam.
  85. ^ a b c d Smith, Peter (2000). "Diet". A curtailed encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Organized religion. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. 121–122. ISBN978-1-85168-184-6.
  86. ^ Esslemont, J.Eastward. (1980). Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era (5th ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, U.s.: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. ISBN978-0-87743-160-2. Archived from the original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  87. ^ 'Abdu'50-Bahá (1912). MacNutt (ed.). The Promulgation of Universal Peace. Wilmette, Illinois, United states of america: Baháʼí Publishing Trust (published 1982). ISBN978-0-87743-172-5. Archived from the original on 21 Jan 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  88. ^ The Research Department of the Universal Business firm of Justice. "Extracts from The Writings Concerning Wellness, Healing, and Diet". Archived from the original on 8 October 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  89. ^ "MANICHEISM i. GENERAL SURVEY – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Archived from the original on 31 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  90. ^ "Mazdak Mazdakism. Zoroastrian Sects". Archived from the original on 31 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
  91. ^ "How to Swallow to Live". Archived from the original on iv December 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  92. ^ "Paganism and Native Religions". Archived from the original on 22 May 2006. Retrieved nine Apr 2006.
  93. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 April 2006. Retrieved 9 April 2006. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy every bit title (link)
  94. ^ "False Beliefs, Book Two: Meat Eating." Archived 3 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 5 July 2011.
  95. ^ Baba, Meher (1988). Sparks of the Truth: From the Dissertations of Meher Baba Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Motorcar. Myrtle Beach: Sheriar Press. pp. 24–25. ISBN 0-913078-02-6.
  96. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 October 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as championship (link)
  97. ^ "Inventiveness Religion". Archived from the original on 27 Nov 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  98. ^ "Archived re-create" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 25 Nov 2015. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  99. ^ "Salubrious Living – Creativity Alliance". Archived from the original on xi February 2016. Retrieved 25 Nov 2015.
  100. ^ "World Church of the Creator".
  101. ^ Little White Volume – 07 Three Short Rules for Maintaining First-class Health
  102. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 25 Nov 2015. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy equally title (link)

Farther reading [edit]

  • Religious Vegetarianism: From Hesiod to the Dalai Lama (2001) edited by: Kerry Walters; Lisa Portmess
  • Lisa Kemmerer, Animals and World Religions (2012) ISBN 978-0199790685
  • Phelps, Norm (2004). The Slap-up Pity: Buddhism & Animal Rights. New York: Lantern Books. ISBN978-1590560693.
  • Roberta Kalechofsky, Rabbis and Vegetarianism: An Evolving Tradition. (Micah Publications. Massachusetts, 1995. ISBN 0-916288-42-0.)
  • Richard H. Schwartz, Judaism and Vegetarianism. (Lantern Books. New York, 2001. ISBN 1-930051-24-7.)
  • Richard Alan Young, Is God a Vegetarian? (Carus Publishing Visitor. Chicago, 1999. ISBN 0-8126-9393-0.)
  • Rynn Berry, Nutrient for the Gods: Vegetarianism & the World's Religions (Pythagorean Publishers. May 1998. 978-096261692.1)
  • Steven J. Rosen, Nutrition for Transcendence (formerly published as Food for the Spirit): Vegetarianism and the World Religions, foreword past Isaac Bashevis Singer (Badger, California: Torchlight Books, 1997)
  • Steven J. Rosen, Holy Cow: The Hare Krishna Contribution to Vegetarianism and Animate being Rights (New York: Lantern Books, 2004)

External links [edit]

  • Buddhist Resources on Vegetarianism and Creature Welfare
  • Rennets and religion The apply of rennet in Abrahamic religions
  • The Fellowship of Life annal of British activism since the 1970s
  • The Word of Wisdom: the Forgotten Verses A discussion of Latter-day Saint (LDS or Mormon) beliefs and vegetarian principles
  • What Gives Us the Right to Kill Animals? – A Jewish view on Vegetarianism chabad.org
  • Fools Who Wrangle Over Flesh for a technical Sikh perspective
  • Sikh History on Diet

johnsonasen1960.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion

0 Response to "Is There a Religion That Prohibits Eating Beef"

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel